Basic configuration

Obviously, using non-free and contrib repos and installing Java and the kernel from backports is not needed, but may be useful, so I'm keeping it here.

Sudo

Install the package:

su
apt install sudo

Add a user:

adduser <user> sudo

Repositories

Install vim:

sudo apt install vim

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

Delete everything and add:

## Official
deb http://ftp.caliu.cat/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.caliu.cat/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free

## Updates
deb http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main
deb http://ftp.caliu.cat/debian/ stretch-updates main
deb-src http://ftp.caliu.cat/debian/ stretch-updates main

## Backports
deb http://http.debian.net/debian stretch-backports main

I'm using Caliu.cat repos as they are the nearest to my location.

Update:

sudo apt update

Install build-essentials and git:

sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential checkinstall make automake cmake autoconf git git-core

Compressor:

sudo apt install rar unrar p7zip-full p7zip-rar

Update and upgrade:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Installing the kernel from backports

Check for new versions:

sudo apt-cache search linux-image

Install the kernel:

sudo apt -t stretch-backports install <linux-image>

Installing Java

Add the repos:

echo "## Java" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/java
echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu xenial main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/java
echo "deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu xenial main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/java

Install the key:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys EEA14886

Update:

sudo apt update

Install Java:

sudo apt install oracle-java8-installer